Methods Differentially expressed genes of CRC cell lines induced by Fn infection were analyzed based on a whole genome microarray analysis Then, we explored the relationship between upregulation of BIRC3 induced by Fn infection and chemoresistance to 5-Fu in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we dissected the mechanisms involved in Fn-induced BIRC3 expression. Finally, we investigated the clinical relevance of Fn infection, BIRC3 protein expression and chemoresistance to 5-Fu treatment in CRC patients. Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death, accounting for 1.4 million new cases and 0.6 million deaths worldwide in 2012 []. In China, there were more than 0.37 million new cases of CRC that led to more than 0.19 million deaths in 2015 []. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that intestinal bacteria dysbiosis is related to the initiation and development of CRC [–]. Moreover, the gut microbiota can also influence the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy drugs [–] and have an impact on the treatment of CRC []. Latest hindi movie free download.

C Source Code. ZIP; File Size: 42202; Date Created: Mar 13 1989; Description: Computes a CRC-32 for your files useful for Virus detection. CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Check is an algorithm which is widely used in different communication protocols, packing and packaging algorithms for assuring robustness of data. The idea behind it is simple – calculate a unique checksum (frame check sequence) for each data frame, based on its content and stick it at the end of each meaningful message.

Interestingly, two studies have shown that bacterial metabolism can affect the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs including 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in C. Elegans [, ]. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), an anaerobic bacterium parasitic in the oral cavity, is increasingly linked to CRC [–]. However, few studies have focused on the impact of Fn on the treatment of CRC. The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are characterized by the presence of baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains which are important for the binding and inhibition of caspases [–].

They can promote the survival of tumor cells and induce chemoresistance []. Therefore, IAPs have attracted wide attention as potential targets for cancer therapy []. BIRC3 is a member of the IAP family that can inhibit apoptosis by directly inhibiting the caspase cascade [, ].

BIRC3 can also contribute to chemoresistance in malignancies including CRC []. Our previous study using microarray analysis showed that Fn can significantly induce BIRC3 expression in CRC cell lines. Wallpaper gerak untuk windows 7. Based on this finding, we hypothesize that the significant upregulation of BIRC3 expression induced by Fn might be responsible for chemoresistance in CRC.

In this study, we demonstrate that Fn infection reduced the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-Fu through upregulation of BIRC3 in vitro and in vivo, and high Fn abundance correlates with chemoresistance in advanced CRC patients who received standard 5-Fu-based adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery. Our evidence suggests that F n and BIRC3 may serve as promising therapeutic targets for reducing chemoresistance to 5-Fu treatment in advanced CRC. Bacteria strains and cell lines Fn strain ATCC 25586 was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and grown in Columbia blood agar (Sigma, USA) in an anaerobic bag (Merier, France) at 37 °C as previously described []. HCT116, HT29 and 293 T cells were obtained from GeneChem and cultured in DMEM-F12(Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin (Beyotime, China) at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere.